Lid assembly for a processing system to facilitate sequential deposition techniques

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to apparatuses for processing substrates. In one embodiment, a substrate processing system for sequential deposition or atomic layer deposition (ALD) is provided and includes a lid assembly coupled with a chamber housing, wherein the lid assembly contains a lid having a plurality of controllable flow channels extending from an upper lid surface, through the lid, and to a lower lid surface, a gas manifold disposed on the lid, and at least one valve coupled with the gas manifold and adapted to control a gas flow through one of the controllable flow channels. The substrate processing system further contains a gas reservoir disposed between a first gas line and a second gas line, and the gas reservoir is fluidly connected to the gas manifold by the second gas line.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/993,924, filed Nov. 19, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/016,300, filed Dec. 12, 2001, and issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,878,206, which claims benefit of U.S. Prov. Appl. No. 60/305,970, filed Jul. 16, 2001, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Additionally, this application is related to U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,333,123 and 6,660,126, as well as U.S. application Ser. No. 09/798,258, filed on Mar. 2, 2001, published as US 20020121241, now abandoned, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to semiconductor processing. More particularly, this invention relates to a processing system and method of distributing fluid therein to facilitate sequential deposition of films on a substrate.

2. Description of the Related Art

The semiconductor processing industry continues to strive for larger production yields while increasing the uniformity of layers deposited on substrates having increasingly larger surface areas. These same factors in combination with new materials also provide higher integration of circuits per unit area of the substrate. As circuit integration increases, the need for greater uniformity and process control regarding layer thickness rises. As a result, various technologies have been developed to deposit layers on substrates in a cost-effective manner, while maintaining control over the characteristics of the layer. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a common deposition process employed for depositing layers on a substrate. CVD is a flux-dependent deposition technique that requires precise control of the substrate temperature and precursors introduced into the processing chamber in order to produce a desired layer of uniform thickness. These requirements become more critical as substrate size increases, creating a need for more complexity in chamber design and fluid flow technique to maintain adequate uniformity.

A variant of CVD that demonstrates superior step coverage is a sequential deposition technique known as atomic layer deposition (ALD). ALD has steps of chemisorption that deposit monolayers of reactive precursor molecules on a substrate surface. To that end, a pulse of a first reactive precursor is introduced into a processing chamber to deposit a first monolayer of molecules on a substrate disposed in the processing chamber. A pulse of a second reactive precursor is introduced into the processing chamber to form an additional monolayer of molecules adjacent to the first monolayer of molecules. In this manner, a layer is formed on a substrate by alternating pulses of an appropriate reactive precursor into a deposition chamber. Each injection of a reactive precursor is separated by an inert fluid purge to provide a new atomic layer additive to previous deposited layers to form a uniform layer on the substrate. The cycle is repeated to form the layer to a desired thickness. The control over the relatively small volume of gas utilized in each pulse is problematic. Pulse frequency is limited by the response times of valves and flow lag within the chamber's gas delivery system. The lag is at least partially due to the relative remote position of control valves to the process chamber. Consequently, ALD techniques result in a deposition rate that is much lower than typical CVD techniques.

Therefore, a need exists to reduce the time required to deposit films employing sequential deposition techniques.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Provided is a lid assembly for a semiconductor system, an exemplary embodiment of which includes a support having opposed first and second surfaces, with a valve coupled to the first surface. A baffle plate is mounted to the second surface. The valve is coupled to the support to direct a flow of fluid along a path in an original direction and at an injection velocity. The baffle plate is disposed in the path to disperse the flow of fluid in a plane extending transversely to the original direction. The proximity of the valve to the baffle plate allows enhanced rate and control of fluid disposed through the lid assembly.

In one aspect of the invention, one embodiment of a lid assembly for a semiconductor processing system includes a lid having a gas manifold coupled to a first surface and a baffle plate coupled to a second surface. The gas manifold includes a body having a first channel, a second channel and a third channel extending therethrough. The baffle plate includes a recess formed in a first side of the baffle plate and defining a plenum with a second surface of the lid. The plenum communicates with the first, second and third channels via a plurality of inlet channels disposed in the lid. The baffle plate has a center passage disposed therethrough which provides a singular passageway between the plenum and the second side of the baffle plate. Optionally, any combination of the lid, gas manifold or baffle plate may additionally include features for controlling the heat transfer therebetween.

In another aspect of the invention, a baffle plate for distributing gases into a semiconductor processing chamber is provided. In one embodiment, the baffle plate includes a plate having a first side and a second side. A recess is formed in the first side and defines a plenum adapted to receive gases prior to entering the processing chamber. A center passage is disposed through the plate concentrically and is concentric with the recess. The center passage provides a single passageway between the recess and the second side of the plate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to the embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a simplified top perspective view of a plasma-based semiconductor processing system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top perspective view of one embodiment of a lid assembly of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of one embodiment of a lid assembly of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the embodiment of the lid assembly of FIG. 3; and

FIG. 5A depicts a bottom view of one embodiment of a gas manifold;

FIG. 5B depicts a partial sectional view of the gas manifold taken along section line 5B-5B of FIG. 5A;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a baffle plate;

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the baffle plate taken along section line 7-7 of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a partial sectional view of one embodiment of a mixing lip; and

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the processing chamber of FIG. 1 connected to various subsystems associated with system.

To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, wherever possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, a semiconductor processing system 10 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention includes an enclosure assembly 12 formed from a process-compatible material, such as aluminum or anodized aluminum. The enclosure assembly 12 includes a housing 14, defining a processing chamber 16 with an opening 44 selectively covered and a vacuum lid assembly 20. The vacuum lid assembly 20 is pivotally coupled to the housing 14 via hinges 22. A handle 24 is attached to the vacuum lid assembly 20 opposite the hinges 22. The handle 24 facilitates moving the vacuum lid assembly 20 between opened and closed positions. In the opened position, the interior of the chamber 16 is exposed. In the closed position shown in FIG. 1, the vacuum lid assembly 20 covers the chamber 16 forming a fluid-tight seal with the housing 14. In this manner, a vacuum formed in the processing chamber 16 is maintained as the vacuum lid assembly 20 seals against the housing 14.

To facilitate access to processing chamber 16 depicted in FIG. 1, without compromising the fluid-tight seal between vacuum lid assembly 20 and housing 14, a slit valve opening 44 is disposed in housing 14, as well as a vacuum lock door (not shown). Slit valve opening 44 allows transfer of a wafer (not shown) between processing chamber 16 and the exterior of system 10. Any conventional wafer transfer device (not shown) may achieve the aforementioned transfer. An example of a conventional wafer transfer device is described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,951,601, the complete disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIG. 2 is a top perspective view of one embodiment of a vacuum lid assembly 20. The vacuum lid assembly 20 includes a lid 20 a and a process fluid injection assembly 30 to deliver reactive, carrier, purge, cleaning and/or other fluids into the processing chamber 16. Lid 20 a includes opposing surfaces 21 a and 21 b. The fluid injection assembly 30 includes a gas manifold 34 mounting a plurality of control valves, 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c, and a baffle plate 36 (shown in FIG. 3). Valves 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c provide rapid and precise gas flow with valve open and close cycles of less than about one second, and in one embodiment, of less than about 0.1 second. In one embodiment, the valves 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c are surface mounted, electronically controlled valves. One valve that may be utilized is available from Fujikin Inc., located in Osaka, Japan, as part number FR-21-6.35 UGF-APD. Other valves that operate at substantially the same speed and precision may also be used.

The lid assembly 20 further includes one or more, (two are shown in FIG. 1) gas reservoirs 33, 35 which are fluidically connected between one or more process gas sources and the gas manifold 34. The gas reservoirs 33, 35 provide bulk gas delivery proximate to each of the valves 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c. The reservoirs 33, 35 are sized to insure that an adequate gas volume is available proximate to the valves 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c during each cycle of the valves 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c during processing to minimize time required for fluid delivery thereby shortening sequential deposition cycles. For example, the reservoirs 33, 35 may be about 5 times the volume required in each gas delivery cycle.

Gas lines 37, 39 extend between connectors 41, 43 and the reservoirs 33, 35 respectively. The connectors 41, 43 are coupled to the lid 20 a. The process gases are typically delivered through the housing 14 to the connectors 41, 43 before flowing into the reservoirs 33, 35 through the gas lines 37, 39.

Additional connectors 45, 47 are mounted adjacent the gas manifold 34 down stream from the reservoirs 33, 35 and connect to the reservoirs by gas lines 49, 51. The connectors 45, 47 and gas lines 49, 51 generally provide a flowpath for process gases from the reservoir 33, 35 to the gas manifold 34. A purge gas line 53 is similarly connected between a connector 55 and a connection 57 on the gas manifold 34. In one embodiment, a tungsten source gas, such as tungsten hexafluoride, is connected to the first reservoir 33 and a reducing gas such as silane or diborane is connected to the second reservoir 35.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are partial sectional views of the vacuum lid assembly 20. The gas manifold 34 includes a body defining three valve mounting surfaces 59, 61, and 64 (mounting surface 64 is shown in FIG. 4) and an upper surface 63 for mounting an upper valve 65. The gas manifold 34 includes three pairs of gas channels 67 a, 67 b, 69 a, 69 b, 69 c, 71 a, and 71 b (71 a and 71 b are shown on FIG. 4) that fluidly couple the two process gases and a purge gas (shown as fluid sources 68 a-c in FIG. 9) to the interior of the processing chamber 16 controllably through the valves 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c, thereby allowing thermal conditioning of the gases by the gas manifold 34 before reaching the valves 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c. Gas channels 67 a, 69 a, and 71 a (also termed thermal conditioning channels) are fluidly coupled to the connectors 45, 47, and 57 and provide passage of gases through the gas manifold 34 to the valves 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c. Gas channels 67 b, 69 b, and 71 b deliver gases from the valves 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c through the gas manifold 34. The gas channel 71 b delivers gas from the valve 32 c through the gas manifold 34 and into a gas channel 73 passing through a member 26. The channels 67 b, 69 b, and 73 are fluidly coupled to a respective inlet passage 302, 304 and 306 disposed through the lid 20 a. Gases or other fluids flowing through the inlet passages 302, 304, and 306 flow into a plenum or region 308 defined between the lid 20 a and baffle plate 36 before entering the chamber 16.

The channel 73 additionally is coupled to the upper surface 63. The valve 65 is disposed between the upper surface 63 of the gas manifold 34 and a cleaning source 38. The cleaning source 38 is a compact system for providing cleaning reagents, typically in the form of fluorine or fluorine radicals, for removing contaminants and deposition byproducts from the chamber 16. In one embodiment, the cleaning source 38 is a remote plasma source that typically includes subsystems (not shown) such as a microwave generator in electrical communication with a plasma applicator, an autotuner and an isolator. The gas channel 73 through which the cleaning gases are delivered from the cleaning source 38 is additionally connected with the gas channel 71 b that delivers purge gas to the chamber 16 through the plenum 308 disposed in the baffle plate 36. In this manner, as purge gas is delivered to the chamber 16, any cleaning reagents remaining in the channel 73 between the gas channel 71 b and the chamber 16 may be flushed and exhausted from the chamber 16 prior to the next deposition process.

The gas manifold 34 further includes a conduit 75 for flowing a heat transfer medium therethrough, thus allowing temperature control of the gas manifold 34. In tungsten deposition processes, for example, the gas manifold 34 is typically cooled. For other processes, such as titanium nitride deposition, the gas manifold 34 may be heated to prevent condensation of the reactive gases within the manifold. To further assist in temperature control of the gas manifold 34, a lower surface 77 of the gas manifold 34 may be configured to tailor the surface area contact with a first surface 42 of the lid 20 a, thus controlling the thermal transfer between the housing 14 and manifold through the lid 20 a. Alternatively, the housing 14 and manifold 34 may be configured to maximize the contact area.

Optionally, a plurality of recesses 28 may be formed in a second surface 44 of the lid 20 a that contacts the baffle plate 36. The recesses 28 allow the contact area between the baffle plate 36 and lid 20 a to be tailored to promote a desired rate of heat transfer. The baffle plate 36 may alternately be configured to control the contact area with the lid 20 a as described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 below.

Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, the lower surface 77 of the gas manifold 34 is illustrated configured to minimize surface area contact with the lid 20 a. Each of the three gas channels 67 b, 69 b, and 73 pass respectively through bosses 502, 504 and 506 that project from the gas manifold 34. Each boss 502, 504, and 506 has an o-ring chase 79, 81, and 83 that respectively surrounds each gas channel 67 b, 69 b, and 73 to prevent fluids passing therethrough from leaking between the gas manifold 34 and the lid 20 a. A mounting surface 508 surrounds the bosses 502, 504, and 506 and includes a plurality of mounting holes 510 which facilitate coupling the gas manifold 34 to the cover 20 a. In one embodiment, the gas manifold 34 is fastened by screws threading into blind holes formed in the lid 20 a (screws and blind holes not shown). As the bosses 502, 504, and 506 and mounting surface 508 provide a controlled contact area between the gas manifold 34 and the cover 20 a, the thermal transfer therebetween can be minimized. The contact area between the gas manifold 34 and the cover 20 a may utilize other geometries to tailor the heat transfer therebetween. For example, the lower surface 77 of the gas manifold 34 can be planar to provide maximum contact area with the lid 20 a and thus maximize heat transfer between the lid 20 a and the gas manifold 34.

Returning to FIG. 4, temperature control of system 10 may be achieved by flowing a heat transfer medium through a temperature control channel 20 g disposed within the lid 20 a. The temperature control channel 20 g is in fluid communication with heat transfer medium supply (not shown) that provides and/or regulates the temperature of the heat transfer medium flowing through the channel 20 g to control (e.g., heat, cool, or maintain constant) the temperature of the lid 20 a.

FIGS. 6 and 7 depict one embodiment of the baffle plate 36. The baffle plate 36 is coupled to the lid 20 a opposite the gas manifold 34. The baffle plate 36 is generally comprised of a process compatible material such as aluminum and is utilized to mix and uniformly distribute gases entering the chamber 16 from the gas manifold 34. The baffle plate 36 may be removed from the lid 20 a for cleaning and/or replacement. Alternatively, the baffle plate 36 and lid 20 a may be fabricated as a single member.

The baffle plate 36 is generally annular and includes a first side 36 a disposed proximate the lid 20 a and a second side 36 b generally exposed to interior of the processing chamber 16. The baffle plate 36 has a passage 700 disposed between the first side 36 a and the second side 36 b. A recess 702, typically concentric with the passage 700, extends into the first side 36 a. The recess 702 and lid 20 a define a plenum therebetween. The recess 702, typically circular in form, is configured to extend radially from a center line of the baffle plate 36 to a diameter that extends beyond the inlet passages 302, 304, and 306 disposed in the lid 20 a so that gases flowing from the inlet passages enter the plenum and exit through the passage 700.

A bottom 712 of the recess 702 defines a mixing lip 704 that extends radially inward into the passage 700. The transition from a wall 714 of the recess 702 to the bottom 712 includes a radius 710 to assist in directing fluid flow within the recess 702 while maximizing the swept volume of the recess 702. Gases flowing into the plenum from the inlet passages 302, 304, and 306 are re-directed by the flat surface of the mixing lip 704 generally towards the center of the recess 702 before passing through the passage 700 and into the process chamber 16. The recess 702 combined with a singular exit passage for delivering gases to the chamber 16 (e.g., the passage 700) advantageously reduces the surface area and orifices requiring purging and cleaning over conventional showerheads having multiple orifices for gas delivery.

FIG. 8 depicts a partial sectional view of one embodiment of the mixing lip 704. The mixing lip 704 may include an optional sculptured surface 802 that directs the gas flows towards one another or induces turbulence to enhance mixing and/or cleaning. The sculptured surface 802 may includes any one or combination of turbulence-inducing features such as one or more bumps, grooves, projections, indentations, embossed patterns and the like. Alternatively, bottom 712 of the recess 702 defining the mixing lip 704 may be smooth. In one embodiment, the mixing lip 704 directs gases moving substantially axially from the lid 20 a transversely towards the center of the passage 700 in either a turbulent flow as depicted by flow lines 804, laminar flow or combination thereof, where the converging gas flows mix before exiting the passage 700.

The mixing lip 704 may include a rounded tip 806 to assist in directing the flow through the passage 700 and into the chamber 16 with minimal pressure drop. In one embodiment, the mixing lip 704 includes a transition angle 808 between the tip 804 and the second side 36 b of the baffle plate 36 to enhance the radial flow and uniformity of fluids exiting the passage 700 and into the chamber 16.

Returning to FIGS. 6 and 7, the first side 36 a of the baffle plate 36 may additionally include features for reducing the contact area between the baffle plate 36 and the lid 20 a. Providing reduced contact area allows the baffle plate 36 to be operated at a higher temperature than the lid 20 a, which in some processes enhances deposition performance. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 7, the first side 36 a of the baffle plate 36 includes a plurality of bosses 602, each having a mounting hole 604 passing therethrough. The bosses 602 allow the baffle plate 36 to be coupled to the lid 20 a by fasteners passing through the mounting holes 604 into blind threaded holes formed in the lid 20 a (fasteners and threaded holes not shown). Additionally, a ring 606 projects from the first side 36 a and circumscribes the recess 702. The ring 606 and bosses 602 project to a common elevation that allows the baffle plate 36 to be coupled to the lid 20 a in a spaced-apart relation. The spaced-apart relation and the controlled contact area permit controlled thermal transfer between the baffle plate 36 and the lid 20 a. Accordingly, the contact area provided by bosses 602 and the ring 606 may be designed to tailor the amount and location of the solid to solid contact area available for thermal transfer between the baffle plate 36 and the lid 20 a as a particular deposition process requires.

Referring to FIG. 9, disposed within processing chamber 16 is a heater/lift assembly 46 that includes a wafer support pedestal 48 connected to a support shaft 48 a and conduit 46 a. The support pedestal 48 is positioned between the shaft 48 a and the vacuum lid assembly 20 when the vacuum lid assembly 20 is in the closed position. The support shaft 48 a extends from the wafer support pedestal 48 away from vacuum lid assembly 20 through a passage formed in the housing 14. A bellows 50 is attached to a portion of the housing 14 disposed opposite to the lid assembly 20 to prevent leakage into the chamber 16 from between the support shaft 48 a and housing 14. The heater/lift assembly 46 may be moved vertically within the chamber 16 so that a distance between support pedestal 48 and vacuum lid assembly 20 may be controlled. A sensor (not shown) provides information concerning the position of support pedestal 48 within processing chamber 16. An example of a lifting mechanism for the support pedestal 48 is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,951,776, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The support pedestal 48 includes an embedded thermocouple 50 a that may used to monitor the temperature thereof. For example, a signal from the thermocouple 50 a may be used in a feedback loop to control power applied to a heater element 52 a by a power source 52. The heater element 52 a may be a resistive heater element or other thermal transfer device disposed in or in contact with the pedestal 48 utilized to control the temperature thereof. Optionally, support pedestal 48 may be heated using a heat transfer fluid (not shown).

The support pedestal 48 may be formed from any process-compatible material, including aluminum nitride and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃ or alumina) and may also be configured to hold a substrate thereon employing a vacuum, e.g., support pedestal 48 may be a vacuum chuck. To that end, support pedestal 48 may include a plurality of vacuum holes (not shown) that are placed in fluid communication with a vacuum source, such as pump system via vacuum tube routed through the support shaft 48 a.

A liner assembly is disposed in the processing chamber 16 and includes a cylindrical portion 54 and a planar portion. The cylindrical portion 54 and the planar portion may be formed from any suitable material such as aluminum, ceramic and the like. The cylindrical portion 54 surrounds the support pedestal 48. The cylindrical portion 54 additionally includes an aperture 60 that aligns with the slit valve opening 44 disposed a side wall 14 b of the housing 14 to allow entry and egress of substrates from the chamber 16.

The planar portion extends transversely to the cylindrical portion 54 and is disposed against a chamber bottom 14 a of processing chamber 16 disposed opposite to lid assembly 20. The liner assembly defines a chamber channel 58 between the housing 14 and both cylindrical portion 54 and planar portion. Specifically, a first portion of channel 58 is defined between the chamber bottom 14 a and planar portion. A second portion of channel 58 is defined between the side wall 14 b of the housing 14 and the cylindrical portion 54. A purge gas is introduced into the channel 58 to minimize inadvertent deposition on the chamber walls along with controlling the rate of heat transfer between the chamber walls and the liner assembly.

Disposed along the side walls 14 b of the chamber 16 proximate the lid assembly 20 is a pumping channel 62. The pumping channel 62 includes a plurality of apertures, one of which is shown as a first aperture 62 a. The pumping channel 62 includes a second aperture 62 b that is coupled to a pump system 18 by a conduit 66. A throttle valve 18 a is coupled between the pumping channel 62 and the pump system 18. The pumping channel 62, the throttle valve 18 a, and the pump system 18 control the amount of flow from the processing chamber 16. The size and number and position of apertures 62 a in communication with the chamber 16 are configured to achieve uniform flow of gases exiting the lid assembly 20 over support pedestal 48 and substrate seated thereon. A plurality of supplies 68 a, 68 b, and 68 c of process and/or other fluids, is in fluid communication with one of valves 32 a, 32 b, or 32 c through a sequence of conduits (not shown) formed through the housing 14, lid assembly 20, and gas manifold 34.

A controller 70 regulates the operations of the various components of system 10. The controller 70 includes a processor 72 in data communication with memory, such as random access memory 74 and a hard disk drive 76 and is in communication with at least the pump system 18, the power source 52, and valves 32 a, 32 b, and 32 c.

Although any type of process fluid may be employed, one example of process fluids are B₂H₆ gas and WF₆ gas, and a purge fluid is Ar gas. N₂ may also be used as a purge gas. The chamber pressure is in the range of 1 Torr to 5 Torr, and the pedestal 48 is heated in the range of 350° to 400° C. Each of the process fluids is flowed into the processing chamber 16 with a carrier fluid, such as Ar. It should be understood, however, that the purge fluid might differ from the carrier fluid, discussed more fully below.

One cycle of the sequential deposition technique in accordance with the present invention includes flowing the purge fluid, Ar, into the processing chamber 16 during time t₁, before B₂H₆ is flowed into the processing chamber 16. During time t₂, the process fluid B₂H₆ is flowed into the processing chamber 16 along with a carrier fluid, which in this example is Ar. After the flow of B₂H₆ terminates, the flow of Ar continues during time t₃, purging the processing chamber 16 of B₂H₆. During time t₄, the processing chamber 16 is pumped so as to remove all process fluids. After pumping of the processing chamber 16, the carrier fluid Ar is introduced during time t₅, after which time the process fluid WF₆ is introduced into the processing chamber 16, along with the carrier fluid Ar during time t₆. After the flow of WF₆ into the processing chamber 16 terminates, the flow of Ar continues during time t₇. Thereafter, the processing chamber 16 is pumped so as to remove all process fluids therein, during time t₈, thereby concluding one cycle of the sequential deposition technique in accordance with the present invention. This sequence of cycles is repeated until the layer being formed thereby has desired characteristics, such as thickness, conductivity and the like. It can be seen that the time required during each period t₁-t₇ greatly affects the throughput of system 10. To maximize the throughput, the lid assembly 20 and the injection assembly 30 are configured to minimize the time required to inject process fluids into the processing chamber 16 and disperse the fluids over the process region proximate to the support pedestal 48. For example, the proximity of the reservoirs 33, 35 and valves 32 a-32 b to the gas manifold 34 reduce the response times of fluid delivery, thereby enhancing the frequency of pulses utilized in ALD deposition processes. Additionally, as the purge gases are strategically delivered through the lower portion of the passage 73, sweeping of cleaning agents from the gas manifold 34 and baffle plate 36 is ensured and process uniformity with smaller process gas volumes is enhanced.

Although the invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments, one skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications may be made that are within the scope of the present invention. For example, although three valves are shown, any number of valves may be provided, depending upon the number of differing process fluids employed to deposit a film. Therefore, the scope of the invention should not be based upon the foregoing description. Rather, the scope of the invention should be determined based upon the claims recited herein, including the full scope of equivalents thereof. 

1. A substrate processing system for sequential deposition, comprising: a lid assembly coupled with a chamber housing, wherein the lid assembly comprises a lid having an upper lid surface opposed to a lower lid surface and a plurality of controllable flow channels extending from the upper lid surface, through the lid, and to the lower lid surface; a gas manifold disposed on the lid; at least one valve coupled with the gas manifold and adapted to control a gas flow through one of the controllable flow channels, wherein the at least one valve is configured to provide an open and close cycle having a time period of less than about 1 second during a gas delivery cycle for enabling an atomic layer deposition process; and a gas reservoir disposed between a first gas line and a second gas line, and the gas reservoir is fluidly connected to the gas manifold by the second gas line.
 2. The substrate processing system of claim 1, further comprising a precursor source fluidly connected to the gas reservoir by the first gas line.
 3. The substrate processing system of claim 2, further comprising a first connector coupled with the first gas line and disposed between the gas reservoir and the precursor source.
 4. The substrate processing system of claim 3, further comprising a second connector coupled with the second gas line and disposed between the gas reservoir and the gas manifold.
 5. The substrate processing system of claim 1, further comprising a second gas reservoir disposed between two additional gas lines, and one of the two additional gas lines is fluidly connected to the gas manifold.
 6. The substrate processing system of claim 5, wherein the second gas reservoir is fluidly connected between the gas manifold and a second precursor source by the other gas line of the two additional gas lines.
 7. The substrate processing system of claim 1, wherein the gas reservoir has about 5 times the volume than required in each gas delivery cycle.
 8. The substrate processing system of claim 1, further comprising a remote plasma source coupled with the gas manifold.
 9. The substrate processing system of claim 1, wherein the lid assembly is pivotally coupled with the chamber housing.
 10. The substrate processing system of claim 1, wherein the gas manifold comprises: an upper manifold surface and a lower manifold surface; and a first channel and a second channel each extending from the upper manifold surface, through the gas manifold, and to the lower manifold surface.
 11. The substrate processing system of claim 1, wherein the gas manifold further comprises a conduit disposed therein and adapted to flow a heat transfer fluid therethrough.
 12. The substrate processing system of claim 1, wherein the at least one valve is configured to provide the open and close cycle at a time period of less than about 0.1 seconds.
 13. The substrate processing system of claim 1, further comprising a second valve coupled with the gas manifold and adapted to control a second gas flow through one of the controllable flow channels for a time period of less than about 1 second.
 14. A substrate processing system for sequential deposition, comprising: a lid assembly coupled with a chamber housing, wherein the lid assembly comprises a lid having an upper lid surface opposed to a lower lid surface and a first controllable flow channel and a second controllable flow channel each extending from the upper lid surface, through the lid, and to the lower lid surface; a gas manifold disposed on the upper lid surface, wherein the gas manifold comprises an upper manifold surface opposed to a lower manifold surface and a first manifold channel and a second manifold channel each extending from the upper manifold surface, through the gas manifold, and to the lower manifold surface; a first valve coupled with the gas manifold and adapted to control a first gas flow through the first controllable flow channel, a second valve coupled with the gas manifold and adapted to control a second gas flow through the second controllable flow channel, wherein each of the first and second valves is configured to independently provide an open and close cycle having a time period of less than about 1 second; and a first gas reservoir disposed between an upstream gas line and a downstream gas line, and the downstream gas line is fluidly connected with the first manifold channel and the first controllable flow channel.
 15. The substrate processing system of claim 14, further comprising a precursor source fluidly connected to the upstream gas line of the first gas reservoir.
 16. The substrate processing system of claim 15, further comprising a connector coupled with the upstream gas line and disposed between the first gas reservoir and the precursor source.
 17. The substrate processing system of claim 14, further comprising a second gas reservoir disposed between two additional gas lines, and one of the two additional gas lines is fluidly connected with the second manifold channel and the second controllable flow channel.
 18. The substrate processing system of claim 14, further comprising a remote plasma source coupled with the gas manifold.
 19. A substrate processing system for sequential deposition, comprising: a lid assembly coupled with a chamber housing, wherein the lid assembly comprises a lid having an upper lid surface opposed to a lower lid surface and a first controllable flow channel, a second controllable flow channel, and a third controllable flow channel each extending from the upper lid surface, through the lid, and to the lower lid surface; a gas manifold disposed on the upper lid surface, wherein the gas manifold comprises an upper manifold surface opposed to a lower manifold surface and a first channel, a second channel, and a third channel each extending from the upper manifold surface, through the gas manifold, and to the lower manifold surface; a first valve coupled with the gas manifold and adapted to control a first gas flow through the second controllable flow channel, a second valve coupled with the gas manifold and adapted to control a second gas flow through the second controllable flow channel, wherein each of the first and second valves is independently configured to provide an open and close cycle having a time period of less than about 1 second; and a gas reservoir fluidly connected between the gas manifold and a precursor source.
 20. The substrate processing system of claim 19, further comprising a remote plasma source coupled with the gas manifold. 